![]() ![]() We determined the effect of supplementation with commercially available forms of chromium, chromium niacinate (Cr-N) and chromium picolinate (Cr-P) on blood levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. To examine this hypothesis, we studied the effect of chromium and placebo supplementation in a streptozotocin-treated diabetic rat model. The present study examined the hypothesis that trivalent chromium supplementation lowers pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress levels in diabetes. However, no previous study has examined the effect of trivalent chromium supplementation on the blood levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in diabetic patients or in animal models of diabetes. The inhibitory effect of chromium on TNF-α secretion in monocytes has also been observed in H 2O 2-treated monocytes and appears to be associated with the antioxidative effect of chromium ( 41). Previous studies demonstrate that chromium supplementation inhibits the increase in TNF-α and oxidative stress levels in cultured monocytes exposed to high glucose levels ( 41, 42). The molecular mechanism by which chromium supplementation may increase insulin sensitivity and lower vascular inflammation in diabetes is not known. It has been proposed that chromium supplementation increases a chromium-containing oligopeptide present in insulin-sensitive cells that binds to the insulin receptor, markedly increasing the activity of the insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase and phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and glucose transporter GLUT4 ( 37– 40). Previous studies with diabetic patients and diabetic animals have reported decreased blood glucose, decreased blood cholesterol and triglyceride or decreased insulin requirements after Cr 3+-supplementation ( 13– 36). An increase in circulating levels of TNF-α and IL-6 is known to decrease insulin sensitivity and increase vascular inflammation and the development of CVD ( 2– 6, 11, 12). The levels of these cytokines and oxidative stress are elevated in the blood of many diabetic patients ( 2, 7– 10). The pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and oxidative stress are widely recognized markers of vascular inflammation ( 1– 6). Vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population and remain major public health issues. This study suggests that Cr 3+-supplementation can lower risk of vascular inflammation in diabetes. Chromium niacinate lowers blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP), oxidative stress and lipids levels in diabetic rats, and appears to be more effective form of Cr 3+-supplementation. Compared with D, Cr-P supplementation showed a decrease in TNF-α (p=0.02), IL-6 (p=0.02) and LP (p=0.01). Diabetes caused a significant increase in blood levels of TNF-α, IL-6, glucose, HbA 1, cholesterol, TG and LP. Blood was collected by heart puncture using light anesthesia. ![]() ![]() Control buffer, Cr-N or Cr-P (400 µg Cr/Kg BW) was administered by gavages daily for 7 wks. Diabetes (D) was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by streptozotocin (STZ) (ip, 65 mg/kg BW). This study examined the effect of chromium niacinate (Cr-N) or chromium picolinate (Cr-P) supplementation on lipid peroxidation (LP), TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1), cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) in diabetic rats. Chromium (Cr 3+) supplementation facilitate normal protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, and is widely used by public in many countries. ![]()
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